Lesson 2
Vocabulary
in
conclusion (exp.) �����ػ ����ػ
In
conclusion, the guest speaker asked the audience some questions. He wanted
to make sure that they understood what he said.
㹡����ػ ᢡ�Ѻ�Ô����Ӷ�����ѧ �ҵ�ͧ�����������Ҽ��ѧ�������觷���Ҿٴ
to
conclude (exp.) ��ػ
To
conclude this meeting, we�ll vote for our representative.
������ػ��û�Ъ�� �ǡ��Ҩ�ŧ��ṹ���͡���᷹�ͧ�ǡ���
genuine
(adj.) �ͧ�� ���ԧ
This
handbag is made of genuine leather.
�������о��㺹��Өҡ˹ѧ��
enthusiasm
(n.) ������������
All
the students are full of enthusiasm. They are very keen to learn.
�ѡ���¹�ء���դ�����е������� �ǡ����ҡ�����¹�ҡ
distinguished
(adj.) �ʹ������ �ժ������§
Thomas Alva Edison is a distinguished
scientist. He�s well-known throughout the world.
���� ����� �ʹ��ѹ�繹ѡ�Է����ʵ�����ժ������§
���繷�����ѡ价����š
mechanism
(n.)
�Ըա�÷ӧҹ ���
I
think the mechanism of our organization needs an improvement.
�ѹ�Դ����Ըա�÷ӧҹ�ͧͧ��âͧ�ǡ��ҵ�ͧ��á�û�Ѻ��ا
get
ahead (v.) ���ʺ��������� ����˹��
You
must study hard if you want to get ahead in this course.
�س��ͧ�������¹ ��Ҥس��ͧ��û��ʺ�����������Ԫҹ��
in
comparison (exp.) ������º��º
In
comparison with the previous lesson, this one seems to be easier.
㹡�����º��º�Ѻ�����¹������� �����¹���٧��¡���
catch
on (v.) ����
����
At
first Peter didn�t understand the lesson, but eventually he caught on.
�͹�á ������������㨺����¹
��㹷���ش�ҡ�����
get by (on/in/with something) ���Թ������ ��������
How do you get by on such a small salary?
�س�ժ��Ե��������Թ��͹�ӹǹ���¹�������ҧ��
intention
(n.) �������� ਵ��
Her
intention is to graduate her Bachelor Degree within 4 years.
�������㨢ͧ�ͤ�� ���¹����Ô�ҵ������ � ��
gripe
(v.) �������ش
Sarah
gripes about going to the meeting.
��������������ش����ͧ��ͧ任�Ъ��
considerable
(adj.) �ӹǹ�ҡ
She
spent a considerable amount of money on her clothes.
��������Թ�ӹǹ�ҡ�Ѻ����觵��
in
common (exp.) ����͹�ѹ
Tony
and Teresa have something in common. They like movies, sports and food.
ⷹ������������պҧ���ҧ�������͹�ѹ
�ǡ�Ҫͺ�Ҿ¹��� ������������
in
all (exp.) ������
I
have 5 Baht, Ken has 10 Baht and Jack has 15 Baht. In all, we have 30
Baht.
�ѹ���Թ � �ҷ ह���Թ �� �ҷ ��������Թ �� �ҷ �������������
�ǡ������Թ �� �ҷ
tremendous
(adj.) �Ë�� �ҡ���
I
have a tremendous amount of money to spend in shopping.
�ѹ���Թ�ӹǹ�ҡ����Ѻ��èѺ���������
numerous
(adj.) �ӹǹ�ҡ �ҡ���
The
company received numerous complaints from the customers.
����ѷ���Ѻ�Ӻ��ҡ��¨ҡ�١���
independent
(adj.) �������
My
grandmother lives alone and is very independent.
�س��¢ͧ�ѹ����µ���Ӿѧ���������� ����ͧ��觾���
dependent
(adj.) ��觾Ҽ�����
Little
babies are dependent on their parents.
�硷�á��ͧ��觾�����¾�����
orderly
(adj.) ������º ���Թ��
Lieutenant
Martin�s desk is very orderly. He puts everything in order.
��зӧҹ�ͧ�����͡����Թ������º���º�����ҡ
�ҨѴ�ҧ�ء���ҧ���к�
muscular (adj.) ���ç ����
We
need a big and muscular man to help us move this cabinet.
�ǡ��ҵ�ͧ��ü���µ���Ë�������ç�Ҫ������µ��㺹��
mechanical
(adj.) ����ǡѺ����ͧ�ѡá�
George�s
dream is to become a mechanical engineer.
�����ѹ�ͧ���쨤�������ǡ�����ͧ��
make
up (v.) �觢��
We
made up a special poem for our beloved friend.
�ǡ����觺���͹����ɢ���������͹����ѡ�ͧ�ǡ���
stick
out (v.) ����͡�� �ź
The
doctor told the boy to stick out his tongue.
��ͺ͡����硪���ź����͡��
all
in all (exp.) �����
All
in all, the performers did well in the musical.
��������� �ѡ�ʴ��ء���ʴ������Ф��ŧ
imitate
(v.) ���¹Ẻ
The
child tries to imitate his father�s voice.
�硾��������¹Ẻ���§��ͧ͢��
basis
(n.) �����ӤÑ
The
basis of their protest was that the government must enforce the law to
protect children.
�����ӤÑ�ͧ��û�з�ǧ��� �Ѱ��ŵ�ͧ�ѧ�Ѻ�顮���»���ͧ�ǡ���
trim
(v.) ����
I
need the scissors to trim my hair.
�ѹ��ͧ��á������������
protrude
(v.) ����͡�� ���
The
poles protruded over the back end of the truck.
�������͡�Ҩҡ��ҹ��ѧ�ͧö��÷ء
in
short ��ػ����
The
food was tasty, tourist attractions were very beautiful, and the accommodation
was comfortable. In short, it was a wonderful trip.
���������� ʶҹ����ͧ�������§���ҡ ��з��ѡ�дǡʺ�� ��ػ����
�ѹ�繡���Թ�ҧ����ʹ�������ҡ
Exercise
�����㹪�ͧ��ҧ������Ѿ������ҹ��
enthusiasm get
ahead genuine considerable
distinguished catch
on gripe in
common
numerous orderly imitate trim
in
short intention mechanism dependent
in
comparison
1.
Prof. Johnson is a _______________ guest speaker who is an expert
in geology.
2.
Jennifer is always _____________ on her friends. She cannot do anything
by herself.
3.
My _____________ is to finish my report before taking the trip to
New York.
4.
The ______________ of our body is very interesting.
5.
My room is very_____________. It�s not messy as you think.
6.
__________________ with Bangkok, Chiang Mai is
a big province.
7.
I spend a __________________ amount of time doing my assignment.
8.
Some customers always ____________ about the taste of the food in
this restaurant.
9.
The books in the library are too _____________ to read within 2
months.
10.
The visitors show their ______________ for the art exhibition. They
spend almost 5 hours there.
11.
Philip has to work hard to ____________ in his study.
12.
Mark _____________ the tree because it grows over the fence into
the neighbor�s yard.
13.
The ruby ring she wears is _______________. It is very expensive.
14.
After attending only one lecture, Arthur can ______________ it
immediately.
15.
The little sister tries to ________________ my voice.
Answer key
1. Prof.
Johnson is a distinguished guest speaker who is an expert in geology.
2. Jennifer
is always dependent on her friends. She cannot do anything by herself.
3. My
intention is to finish my report before taking the trip to New York.
4. The
mechanism of our body is very interesting.
5. My
room is very orderly. It�s not messy as you think.
6. In
comparison with Bangkok, Chiang Mai is
a big province.
7. I
spend a considerable amount of time doing my assignment.
8. Some
customers always gripe about the taste of the food in this restaurant.
9. The
books in the library are too numerous to read within 2 months.
10. The
visitors show their enthusiasm for the art exhibition. They spend almost
5 hours there.
11.
Philip has to work hard to get ahead in his study.
12.
Mark trims the tree because it grows over the fence into the neighbor�s
yard.
13.
The ruby ring she wears is genuine. It is very expensive.
14.
After attending only one lecture, Arthur can catch on it immediately.
15.
The little sister tries to imitate my voice.
Grammar
The same as, similar to, alike and different
from
������ҹ���������� same, similar, different ��� alike ���ʴ�����ᵡ��ҧ���ͤ�������͹�ѹ
1.
same,
similar, alike ��� different ��˹�ҷ���繤Ӥس�Ѿ��
������ҧ These are the same books.
These
are similar books.
These
are different books.
These
books are alike.
2.
same ���ʴ��֧��觢ͧ���������º��º�������͹�ѹ ���ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ
�� the ��˹�� same ��� be + the same �������
as �ӹ�����ͤ���þ��������������ҧ
BE + the same ��� as
������ҧ This book is the same as
that one.
That
is the same book as this one.
1.
similar �ʴ������繶֧
�դ���ᵡ��ҧ��硹��������ҧ��觢ͧ���������º��º
BE + similar ���˹�Ҥӹ����Ф���þ�������繾�پ������ͻ�иҹ������ҡ����˹�觵��
(compound
subject)
������ҧ These
books are similar.
This book and that one are similar.
��觢ͧ���������º��º�Ҩ�ж١�¡��
BE
+ similar to
������ҧ This book
is similar to that one.
2.
alike ���ʴ���� ��觢ͧ���������º��º�Ҩ������͹�ѹ
��������͹�ѹ���ҧ����ԧ
BE + alike ���˹�Ҥӹ����Ф���þ�������繾�پ������ͻ�иҹ������ҡ����˹�觵��
������ҧ These novels are alike.
This
magazine and this book are alike.
3. BE
+ different ������� from
������ҧ This book
is different from
that one.
Exercise
�ӻ���¤�������ó����� the same (as), similar (to), alike ��� different (from)
1.
My shoes are _________________ yours in color, size and style. We
have many things in common.
2.
Peter�s car is ____________________ mine. His is bigger.
3.
Phillip and Margaret are not ___________________ sex.
4.
The weather in Canada is very ________________________ the weather
in Thailand. In Canada, it is very cold whereas in
Thailand it is very hot.
5.
This course is ___________________ a course I took in my country.
So I have no problem in my study.
6.
His cats are not _________________. One is white and the other is
black.
7.
This suit is _______________________one I bought last month. The
jacket is exactly, ___________________ but the pants are _____________________mine.
Answer key
1.
My shoes are the same as yours in color, size and style. We
have many things in common.
2.
Peter�s car is different from mine. His is bigger.
3.
Phillip and Margaret are not the same sex.
4.
The weather in Canada is very different from the
weather in Thailand. In Canada, it is very cold whereas in
Thailand it is very hot.
5.
This course is similar to a course I took in my country. So
I have no problem in my study.
6.
His cats are not alike / the same. One is white and the
other is black.
7. This
suit is similar to one I bought last month. The jacket is exactly the
same, but the pants are different from mine.
Suffixes
: -ic / -ical
Suffixes
�ic ���
-ical �����ѧ�ӹ�����ͷ��������繤Ӥس�Ѿ��
������¶֧ of , like ������������� with
������ҧ
algebra �ժ��Ե
algebraic ����ǡѺ�ժ��Ե ��㹾ժ��Ե
atom
��
atomic ����ҡ
history ����ѵ���ʵ��
historic ����ǡѺ/�դ����ӤÑ�ҧ����ѵ���ʵ��
historical
��觻���ѵ���ʵ�� �ժ���㹻���ѵ���ʵ��
economy
���ɰ�Ԩ economic ����ǡѺ���ɰ�Ԩ
economical �����Ѵ
atmosphere ����ҡ��
atmospheric ����ǡѺ����ҡ��
barometer ��ͷ�Ѵ�������ͧ�ҡ��
barometric ����Ѵ������ͷ�Ѵ�������ͧ�ҡ��
emphasis �����
emphatic �繡����
anesthesia �����������֡
anesthetic ������������������֡
method
����º�Ը�
methodical �ӵ������º�Ը�
comic
�ѡ�ʴ��š
comical �š
mechanic ��ҧ�� ��ҧ����ͧ mechanical 㹷ҧ���
technology �Ԫ�෤�Ԥ
technological ����ԪҪ�ҧ
����ԪҪ�ҧ
cylinder ��к͡�ٺ
cylindrical �ç��к͡
surgery ������ʵ��
surgical ���������ʵ��
chemistry ���
chemical ������
thermostat ����ͧ�ѵ��ѵԺѧ�Ѻ�س�������餧��� thermostatic �ѧ�Ѻ�س�����
Exercise
�����㹪�ͧ��ҧ����ӷ��١��ͧ
1.
Both oxygen and nitrogen are found in the
_________________________________.
atmosphere
/ atmospheric
2. In the operating room, the surgeons need
___________________________equipment.
surgery
/ surgical
3. Prof. Smith�s _________________________ of
teaching is very interesting.
method /
methodical
4. This ______________________ substance is
very dangerous. Don�t touch it!
chemistry / chemical
5. My father knows everything about cars. He�s
very __________________________.
mechanic / mechanical
6. The
professor put a strong _________________________ on the last chapter.
emphasis / emphatic
7. I don�t have enough money. So I decide to
buy a more ______________________car.
economy / economical
8. I like to study _______________________.
I�m interested in past events.
history / historical
9. There is something wrong with
________________________. It�s very cold in here.
thermostat / thermostatic
10. We need to make use of the most advanced
___________________in medical fields.
technology / technological
Answer key
1.
Both oxygen and nitrogen are found in the atmosphere.
2. In the operating room, the surgeons need surgical
equipment.
3. Prof. Smith�s method of teaching is
very interesting.
4. Nicotine is chemical substance in
cigarette.
5. My father knows everything about cars. He�s
very mechanical.
6. The
professor put a strong emphasis on the last chapter.
7. I don�t have enough money. So I decide to
buy a more economical car.
8. I like to study history. I�m
interested in past events.
9. There is something wrong with thermostat.
It�s very cold in here.
10.
We
need to make use of the most advanced technology in medical fields.
Adverbial connectives of summation
Summation ���
�����ػ�������ѡẺ���� ���͡�ù�㨤����ӤÑ�ҡ��������
�Ҩ��㨤����������� �¨Т�鹵鹴�����շ���˹�ҷ������͹������ɳ� (adverbial
phrase) ����������仹��������鹵�������ػ
all in all |
consequently |
in all |
in conclusion |
to conclude |
to put it briefly |
in short |
to summarize |
in other words |
in summary |
|
|
������ҧ
I
enjoyed my trip to London, even though it was very short. I especially liked visiting
the London Eye, Buckingham Palace, Tower Bridge
and Big Ben. All in all, I had a great
time there.
�ҡ���ҧ��ҧ��ҧ��� ���բ����Ţͧ���Ф�����դ�������͹���ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ
�������ö�������º��º�����ػ㨤����ӤÑ��ѧ������ҧ���仹��
Name : Mark Walter Sex
: male Age
: 26 Height
: 6�4� Weight : 189 Service : Navy Rank
: Chief Petty
Officer 1st class Likes : rock n� Roll
bicycling
movies Dislikes : cooking
physical training |
Name
: Peter
Thomson Sex
: male Age
: 25 Height
: 6�3� Weight : 191 Service : Navy Rank
: Chief Petty
Officer 1st class Likes : rock n� Roll swimming
movies Dislikes : cooking
physical training |
Name
: Sarah Lewis Sex
: female Age
: 28 Height
: 5�5� Weight : 100 Service : Air Force Rank
: Flight
Lieutenant Likes : pop
tennis
books Dislikes : parties
hiking |
Name
: Joe Jacobs Sex
: male Age
: 46 Height
: 6�7� Weight : 210 Service : Army Rank
: Lieutenant
Colonel Likes : musical
hiking
soccer Dislikes : cleaning
tennis |
1. In
conclusion, Mark and Peter have a lot in common.
2. To
put it briefly, Sarah and Joe are not at all alike.
3. In
all, Mark and Peter are quite similar to each other.
4. To
summarize, Sarah and Joe are very different.
5. In
short, Mark and Peter have more in common than Sarah and Joe.
quite a few vs a great deal of
quite a few =
many ������ҡ ��Ѻ�ӹ���Ѻ��
��㹻���¤�͡���� �Ӷ��
��ФӶ������ʸ �������㹻���¤����ʸ
������ҧ There are quite
a few athletes missing the competition.
Are there quite a few athletes missing the competition?
Aren�t there quite
a few athletes missing the competition?
A great deal of = much ������ҡ ��Ѻ����Ѻ����� ��㹻���¤�͡���� ����ʸ
�Ӷ����ФӶ������ʸ
������ҧ She
spent a great deal of time doing shopping.
She didn�t spend a great deal of time doing shopping.
Did she spend a great deal of time doing shopping?
Didn�t she spend a great deal of time doing shopping?
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